Calculating percentage bone loss is a critical test for periodontal disease staging but is sometimes imprecise and time consuming when manually calculated. This study evaluates the application of a deep learning keypoint and object detection model, YOLOv8-pose, for the automatic identification of localised periodontal bone loss landmarks, conditions and staging. YOLOv8-pose was fine-tuned on 193 annotated periapical radiographs. We propose a keypoint detection metric, Percentage of Relative Correct Keypoints (PRCK), which normalises the metric to the average tooth size of teeth in the image. We propose a heuristic post-processing module that adjusts certain keypoint predictions to align with the edge of the related tooth, using a supporting instance segmentation model trained on an open source auxiliary dataset. The model can sufficiently detect bone loss keypoints, tooth boxes, and alveolar ridge resorption, but has insufficient performance at detecting detached periodontal ligament and furcation involvement. The model with post-processing demonstrated a PRCK 0.25 of 0.726 and PRCK 0.05 of 0.401 for keypoint detection, mAP 0.5 of 0.715 for tooth object detection, mesial dice score of 0.593 for periodontal staging, and dice score of 0.280 for furcation involvement. Our annotation methodology provides a stage agnostic approach to periodontal disease detection, by ensuring most keypoints are present for each tooth in the image, allowing small imbalanced datasets. Our PRCK metric allows accurate evaluation of keypoints in dental domains. Our post-processing module adjusts predicted keypoints correctly but is dependent on a minimum quality of prediction by the pose detection and segmentation models. Code: https:// anonymous.4open.science/r/Bone-Loss-Keypoint-Detection-Code. Dataset: https://bit.ly/4hJ3aE7.

Retrace, a leader in dental artificial intelligence and provider of digital infrastructure for U.S. healthcare, announces the publication, "A generative adversarial inpainting network to enhance prediction of periodontal clinical attachment level" in the August 2022 Edition of the Journal of Dentistry. This groundbreaking study for the first time demonstrates how the use of a novel Generative Adversarial Network (GAN), (U.S. Patent Numbers: US 11,217,350 B2; US 11,276,151 B2; US 11,398,013 B2), often referred to as a "Deep Fake", improves the diagnostic accuracy of AI algorithms in identifying periodontal disease. Medical and dental AI imaging algorithms are often trained on limited data sets from a limited number of providers, patients and imaging sources. As a result, when these algorithms are used in a general production environment, the algorithms struggle to achieve the same level of accuracy as the environment they were trained in. "Over the past few years, we have seen a sharp rise in dental and medical imaging AI companies; some who have even received FDA Clearance," said Dr. Ali Sadat, Founder and CEO of Retrace.

When you picture a hospital radiologist, you might think of a specialist who sits in a dark room and spends hours poring over X-rays to make diagnoses. Contrast that with your dentist, who in addition to interpreting X-rays must also perform surgery, manage staff, communicate with patients, and run their business. When dentists analyze X-rays, they do so in bright rooms and on computers that aren't specialized for radiology, often with the patient sitting right next to them. Is it any wonder, then, that dentists given the same X-ray might propose different treatments? "Dentists are doing a great job given all the things they have to deal with," says Wardah Inam SM '13, Ph.D. '16.

When you picture a hospital radiologist, you might think of a specialist who sits in a dark room and spends hours poring over X-rays to make diagnoses. Contrast that with your dentist, who in addition to interpreting X-rays must also perform surgery, manage staff, communicate with patients, and run their business. When dentists analyze X-rays, they do so in bright rooms and on computers that aren't specialized for radiology, often with the patient sitting right next to them. Is it any wonder, then, that dentists given the same X-ray might propose different treatments? "Dentists are doing a great job given all the things they have to deal with," says Wardah Inam SM '13, PhD '16.

A deep learning algorithm successfully detects periodontal disease from 2D bitewing radiographs, according to research presented at EuroPerio10, the world's leading congress in periodontology and implant dentistry organized by the European Federation of Periodontology (EFP). "Our study shows the potential for artificial intelligence (AI) to automatically identify periodontal pathologies that might otherwise be missed," said study author Dr. Burak Yavuz of Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Turkey. "This could reduce radiation exposure by avoiding repeat assessments, prevent the silent progression of periodontal disease, and enable earlier treatment." Previous studies have examined the use of AI to detect caries, root fractures and apical lesions but there is limited research in the field of periodontology. This study evaluated the ability of deep learning, a type of AI, to determine periodontal status in bitewing radiographs.

The OrCam MyEye 2.0 allows readers to'read' books, newspapers, computer screens and even white boards up to six yards away as well as identifying food products A gadget that clips to a pair of spectacles and speaks to the wearer, telling them what they are looking at, could offer'sight' to blind people. The finger-sized device –OrCam MyEye 2.0 – allows users to'read' books, newspapers, computer screens and even whiteboards six yards away, as well as identify food products. It can even learn to recognise the faces of loved ones. Invented by Israeli computer- science professors, it is fitted with a 13 megapixel miniature camera, a microphone and speaker and requires no phone app or wi-fi connection. When the user looks at a stimulus, the camera takes an immediate picture which is then analysed by an in-built computer algorithm. Within five seconds, a computerised voice reads words or tells the wearer who or what is in front of them.

Imaging fluorescent disease biomarkers in tissues and skin is a non-invasive method to screen for health conditions. We report an automated process that combines intraoral fluorescent porphyrin biomarker imaging, clinical examinations and machine learning for correlation of systemic health conditions with periodontal disease. 1215 intraoral fluorescent images, from 284 consenting adults aged 18-90, were analyzed using a machine learning classifier that can segment periodontal inflammation. The classifier achieved an AUC of 0.677 with precision and recall of 0.271 and 0.429, respectively, indicating a learned association between disease signatures in collected images. Periodontal diseases were more prevalent among males (p=0.0012) and older subjects (p=0.0224) in the screened population. Physicians independently examined the collected images, assigning localized modified gingival indices (MGIs). MGIs and periodontal disease were then cross-correlated with responses to a medical history questionnaire, blood pressure and body mass index measurements, and optic nerve, tympanic membrane, neurological, and cardiac rhythm imaging examinations. Gingivitis and early periodontal disease were associated with subjects diagnosed with optic nerve abnormalities (p <0.0001) in their retinal scans. We also report significant co-occurrences of periodontal disease in subjects reporting swollen joints (p=0.0422) and a family history of eye disease (p=0.0337). These results indicate cross-correlation of poor periodontal health with systemic health outcomes and stress the importance of oral health screenings at the primary care level. Our screening process and analysis method, using images and machine learning, can be generalized for automated diagnoses and systemic health screenings for other diseases.